::: Where you are ： Home > Medical Specialty > Other departments > Pathology
* Pathology

* Members of the Department of Pathology
2 anatomical pathologists, 2 qualified cytotenicians, and 3 pathology technicians
* Examination Items and Notices
【Examination Items】
  1. Surgical pathology: routine pathological examination, frozen biopsy, special staining, immunostaining, fluorescent staining.
  2. Cytopathology:
    1. Pap smear, monolayer smear
    2. Internal medical cytological examinations: sputum, urine, body fluids (ascites, pleural effusion), fine needle aspiration, and tracheal brushing.
【Notices】
1.Routine pathological examination
  1. Pathological biopsy: Samples Specimens must be immediately placed in a 10% formalin blister for fixation. They must be completely immersed, and a label should be attached to the outer layer of the exclusive container of samples to indicate the basic information of the patient. The container, together with the application form for histopathological examination, should be sent to the Department of Pathology.
  2. Frozen biopsy: Fresh tissue samples specimens collected by surgery do not need to be fixed, and the samples specimens, together with the pathological tissue application form, should be sent to the Department of Pathology for examination on time.
2.Pap smear(Health Promotion Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare)
  1. Pap smear collection and fixation: The cervix and the adjoining vagina should be clearly visible during sampling, both the endocervix and the ectocervix should be sampled, and the ideal smear should contain a cervical component.
  2. The cervix is sampled with the tip of the Ayre spatula (e.g., a spatula), and the ectocervix is sampled with the Ayre spatula, with the stick side rotating its entire surface.
  3. Inform patients who will have a smear test not to douche the vagina within 24 hours.
  4. The smear should be collected before the doctor examines the pelvis with lubricant so as not to affect the cell interpretation.
  5. The sample should be spread evenly and thinly on the glass slide (a monolayer cell smear is preferred).On the other hand, the samples of endocervix and ectocervix can be spread on the same glass slide.
  6. Avoid collecting samples during menstruation to avoid excessive red blood cells interfering with interpretation.
  7. If the cervix is severely inflamed, a short-term suppository treatment may be considered, followed by a smear examination to prevent a large number of white blood cells from obscuring inflammatory cells and interfering with the detection of abnormal cells.
  8. If the lesion is a dry, keratinized, or necrotic purulent surface, use a damp cotton swab to gently remove the necrotic part. Then, use a second cotton swab (or Ayre spatula) for smear sample collection.
  9. If the cervix of the postmenopausal woman is dry, the samples will be air-dried very quickly. If it is not easy to fix the samples, dip the samples in some saline or fixative solution (95% alcohol or spray) on the glass slide to slow down the air-drying speed before fixation or help spread the cells to speed up the fixation. Please note that the fixation still needs to be as fast as possible.
  10. Use glass slides with (frosted) ends so that names and numbers can be marked with a pencil.
  11. The slides with samples must be immediately immersed in 95% ethanol for fixation or fixed with a spray fixative. Please follow the instructions. If the fixation is delayed, the cells will degenerate, making interpretation difficult.
  12. Please fill in Items 1, 2, and 3 of the smear checklist in detail (the first and second items are to be filled in by each case, and the third item is to be filled in by the sampling institution). For the benefit of the patients, your cooperation will be appreciated.
3.Non-gynecological sample collection and key points:
  1. Liquid samples such as body cavity fluid:
    1. If the patient is a long-term critically-ill patient, before sampling the body cavity fluid, the patient should be turned over several times to prevent cells from depositing at the bottom of the cavity and being extracted.
    2. After the body cavity fluid is sampled, if it cannot be sent for examination immediately, please store it in the refrigerator at 4?C. The cells can be kept intact for several days without being destroyed. No preservative is required. To prevent clotting, please add Heparin because it does not interfere with cell staining.
  2. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples:
    1. CSF must be sent for examination within 30 minutes after collection to prevent the degeneration and destruction of only a few cells.
    2. Without anticoagulant.
  3. Ideal urine samples:
    1. Urine is easy to collect, and the fresher the samples, the better.
    2. Ask the patient to empty the retained urine in the bladder first.Then, let the patient drink about 500 ml of boiled water and discharge the sample urine. Collect 30-50ml of a urine sample and send it for examination within 2 hours.
    3. Urine retained for 24 hours is not suitable for cytological examination because the protein content in urine is low, and the osmotic pressure is different from that of blood. Further, it contains various excreted substances unfavorable for cell survival, and cells are prone to degeneration. Moreover, the growth of bacteria and acid-alkaline changes make cells vulnerable to damage.
    4. Urine or bladder irrigation fluid collected by the catheter can also be used for cytological examination, and fresh urine is also preferred.
    5. The test form must indicate the method by which the urine was collected.
  4. Fine-needle aspiration cytology:
    1. Clean the slide and write the patient’s name or number.
    2. Prepare 95% alcohol in the fixation bottle. Squeeze the aspiration solution on one end of the glass slide, place the needle flat, touch the aspiration solution on the glass slide, quickly smear the other end, and immediately put it into the fixation bottle.
  5. Sputum collection:
    1. Ask the patient to take deep breaths as soon as they wake up in the morning and cough hard and deep. The patient should cough up all the phlegm into the wide-mouthed collection cup.
    2. The sputum collection must be continued for 3-5 days because the continuous diagnosis can increase the accuracy rate from 45% to 95%.
    3. After bronchoscopy, the patient is encouraged to expectorate sputum, and the sputum at this time collected for cell smear has the most cytodiagnostic value.
  6. Fixation:
    1. Immediate, rapid, and appropriate fixation of cells or biopsy is the basic element for correct interpretation. Knowledge of different fixation methods is a prerequisite for technicians to prepare high-quality cytopathological samples. Fixation refers to the application of a substance, a fixative, to maintain the original shape and structure of cells or tissues to provide high-quality samples for interpretation.
    2. Fixative: Currently, the commonly used fixatives in cytological examinations are 95% (ethanol) alcohol and spray fixative (coating fixation), a product that combines alcohol (fixation) and wax substances (for protection purposes). Because spray fixative is easy to carry, it is suitable for mailing or smear medical tour vehicles visiting remote areas for smear sampling. The distance from the spray outlet to the glass slide must be kept at 20 cm (to spray evenly back and forth once). The amount of spray used will affect cell fixation.
    3. Pathologists sometimes may select certain body fluid samples to prepare Cell Block simultaneously for immunohistochemical staining procedures, hybridization techniques, and special stains of histologic sections to provide special diagnostic data.
* Medical equipment
1.Tissue processing table 2.Dehydrator 3.Embedding machine 4.Slicer 5.Automatic staining machine 6.Automatic immunostaining machine 7.Teaching microscope
* Contact
(03)824-1031

*Dr. Fu-Jin Luo
*Education: Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center
*Experiences: Attending physician, Department of Pathology, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital
*Specialties: Surgical pathological biopsy, special staining and immunostaining, frozen biopsy, cytological diagnostic examination
*Publications:
*Dr. Wei-Chia Yang
*Education: Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University
*Experiences: Chung Shan Medical University Hospital PGY
Resident physician, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
Attending physician, Department of Pathology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital
*Specialties: Surgical pathological biopsy, special staining and immunostaining, frozen biopsy, cytological diagnostic examination
*Publications:
 
門諾logo Development Department, Mennonite Christian Hospital
44 Min-chuan Road, Hualien, 970 Taiwan　Tel.：886-3-8241234
Copyright © 2010 ~ 2024 Mennonite Christian Hospital. All Rights Reserved.